מספרים
רקע
חוקי יסוד בשימוש מספרים
בכתיבה עסקית וטכנית, למספרים יש תפקיד מרכזי בטקסט. חשוב אם כך לזכור מספר חוקי סגנון בסיסיים, שיעזרו לוודא שהכתיבה שלנו עקבית וברורה כאשר משתמשים במספרים.
מספרים מתחת לעשר צריכים להיכתב כמילה ולא כספרה (למעט שני מקרים יוצאים מהכלל של מספרי עמודים ויחידות מדידה):
There are three ways to generate revenue.
Page 6 outlines the main steps that need to be taken.
The device has a 4-inch screen and weighs only 9 ounces.
במידה ומשפט מתחיל במספר, יש לכתוב את המספר במילה:
Thirty-five people have been interviewed for the position of CFO this month.
במידה וכתיבת מספר כמילה בראש משפט מרגיל מסורבל, יש לשנות את מבנה המשפט או את הסדר שלו:
This month we have interviewed 35 people for the position of CFO.
במידה וצריך להשתמש במספרים מורכבים, אנו ממליצים לרשום אותם בתבנית של רשימה ע"מ להקל על הקריאה וההבנה, לדוגמה:
1. 2691
2. 4378
3. 1892
4. 6581
בכתיבת תאריכים, יש להיות עקביים ולהשתמש בתבנית הבאה:
Until the 7th of May 2010 the supply of bananas will be uncertain in some areas.
Cardinal and Ordinal Numbers
Numbers that express quantity, “three secretaries”, “500 branches” are written and pronounced as ‘cardinal numbers’ (see left of chart below). When you need to express the sequence or order of an event, remember to use ‘ordinal numbers, (see right of chart below). We use ordinal numbers for dates*, comparative results, grading and league tables.
Cardinal
|
Ordinal
|
||
1
|
One
|
1st
|
First
|
2
|
Two
|
2nd
|
Second
|
3
|
Three
|
3rd
|
Third
|
4
|
Four
|
4th
|
Fourth
|
5
|
Five….
|
5th
|
Fifth
|
11
|
Eleven
|
11th
|
Eleventh
|
12
|
Twelve
|
12th
|
Twelfth
|
13
|
Thirteen
|
13th
|
Thirteenth
|
14
|
Fourteen
|
14th
|
Fourteenth
|
15
|
Fifteen
|
15th
|
Fifteenth
|
20
|
Twenty
|
20th
|
Twentieth
|
21
|
Twenty-one
|
21st
|
Twenty-first
|
22
|
Twenty-two
|
22nd
|
Twenty-second
|
30
|
Thirty
|
30th
|
Thirtieth
|
40
|
Forty
|
40th
|
Fortieth
|
50
|
Fifty
|
50th
|
Fiftieth
|
60
|
Sixty
|
60th
|
Sixtieth
|
70
|
Seventy
|
70th
|
Seventieth
|
80
|
Eighty
|
80th
|
Eightieth
|
90
|
Ninety
|
90th
|
Ninetieth
|
100
|
One hundred
|
100th
|
One hundredth
|
Exercise. (see answers below)
Write down the following numbers:
a. The thirtieth of June
b. Three point one four two
c. Four oh six, three double-nine
d. One thousand two hundred and three
e. Nineteen thirty-nine
f. Ninety
g. The nineteenth century
h. Seven and a half percent
i. Eleven forty five
j. Four thousand nine hundred and two
Answer key:
a. the 30th of June b. 3.142 c. 406399 d. 1,203 e. 1939 f. 90 g. the 19th century h. 7.5% i. 1145 j. 4,902
Writing Dates*
European and American styles of date writing are quite different and you need to pay attention in order to avoid confusion in transatlantic communication.
- In the US, the 1st day of April is written as 4/1/2010.
- To a European, this looks like the 4th day of January.
- The Americans place the month before the day. In Europe, April Fools Day is written as 1.4.2010.
- To avoid this confusion, write out the date as April 1st, 2010.
Prefixes expressing numbers
Here are two lists of prefixes expressing numbers. One list comes from Latin and the other from Greek. What words do you know that begin with these prefixes?
No.
|
Latin
|
Greek
|
Meaning
|
1
|
Uni
|
Mono
|
One
|
2
|
Bi
|
Di
|
Two
|
3
|
Tri
|
Tri
|
Three
|
4
|
Quart
|
Tetra
|
Four
|
5
|
Quint
|
Penta
|
Five
|
6
|
Sex
|
Hexa
|
Six
|
7
|
Sept
|
Hept
|
seven
|
8
|
Oct
|
Oct
|
Eight
|
9
|
Non
|
Ennea
|
Nine
|
10
|
Dec
|
Dec
|
Ten
|
11
|
Cent
|
Hecto
|
Hundred
|
12
|
Mil
|
Kil
|
Thousand
|
13
|
Semi
|
Hemi
|
Half
|
לפרטים נוספים אודות הכשרה בדקדוק יישומי לדיבור ולכתיבה